Terms2024-2025 IPEDS Definitions
25th percentileThe score at or below which 25 percent of students submitting test scores to an institution scored.
50th percentile (median)The score at which 50 percent of students submitting test scores to an institution scored above and 50 percent scored below (i.e., midpoint of the test score distribution).
75th percentileThe score above which 25 percent of  students submitting test scores to an institution scored.
Academic programAn instructional program leading toward an associate's, bachelor's, master's, doctor's, or resulting in credits that can be applied to one of these degrees.
Accrediting agenciesOrganizations (or bodies) that establish operating standards for educational or professional institutions and programs, determine the extent to which the standards are met, and publicly announce their findings.
Adjunct instructional staffNon-tenure track instructional staff serving in a temporary or auxiliary capacity to teach specific courses on a course-by-course basis. Includes both instructional staff who are hired to teach an academic degree-credit course and those hired to teach a developmental or ESL course; whether the latter three categories earn college credit is immaterial. Excludes regular part-time instructional staff (who, unlike adjuncts are not paid on a course-by-course basis), graduate assistants, full-time professional staff of the institution who may teach individual courses (such as a dean or academic advisor), and appointees who teach noncredit courses exclusively.
Admitted studentsApplicants that have been granted an official offer to enroll in a postsecondary institution.
American Indian or Alaska NativeA person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community attachment.
ApplicantAn individual who has fulfilled the institution's requirements to be considered for admission (including payment or waiving of the application fee,  if any) and who has been notified of one of the following actions: admission, non-admission, placement on waiting list, or application withdrawn by applicant or institution.
AsianA person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Asian/Pacific Islander (old definition)A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, and Pacific Islands. This includes people from China, Japan, Korea, the Philippine Islands, American Samoa, India, and Vietnam.
Attendance statusA classification of students' enrollment based on the number of credit or clock hours in which they are enrolled, either full-time or part-time.
Bachelor's degreeAn award (baccalaureate or equivalent degree, as determined by the Secretary, U.S. Department of Education) that normally requires at least 4 but not more than 5 years of full-time equivalent college-level work. This includes all bachelor's degrees  conferred in a 5-year cooperative (work-study) program. A cooperative plan provides for alternate class attendance and employment in business, industry, or government; thus, it allows students to combine actual work experience with their college studies. Also includes bachelor's degrees in which the normal 4 years of work are completed in 3 years.
Black or African AmericanA person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
Calculation of FTE students (using fall student headcounts)The number of FTE students is calculated based on fall student headcounts as reported by the institution on the IPEDS Enrollment (EF) component (Part A). The full-time equivalent (headcount) of the institution's part-time enrollment is estimated by multiplying the factors noted below times the part-time headcount. These are then added to the full-time enrollment headcounts to obtain an FTE for all students enrolled in the fall. This formula is used to produce an FTE that is used annually in the Digest of Education Statistics. Part-time undergraduate enrollment: Public 4-year (.403543), Private (not-for-profit and for-profit) 4-year (.392857), Public 2-year (.335737), All other institutions (.397058). Part-time graduate enrollment: Public 4-year (.361702), Private (not-for-profit and for-profit) 4-year (.382059).
CertificateA recognized postsecondary credential that is conferred upon the satisfactory completion of a postsecondary education program.
CIP codeA six-digit code in the form xx.xxxx that identifies instructional program specialties within educational institutions.
Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)A taxonomic coding scheme for secondary and postsecondary instructional programs. It is intended to facilitate the organization, collection, and reporting of program data using classifications that capture the majority of reportable data. The CIP is the accepted federal government statistical standard on instructional program classifications and is used in a variety of education information surveys and databases.
CohortA specific group of students established for tracking purposes.
Cohort yearThe year that a cohort of students begins attending college.
CompleterA student who receives a degree, diploma, certificate, or other recognized postsecondary credential. In order to be considered a completer, the degree/award must actually be conferred.
Completers within 150% of normal timeStudents who completed their program within 150% of the normal (or expected) time for completion.
Completions (C)This annual component of IPEDS collects number of degrees and other recognized postsecondary credentials (certificates) conferred. These data are reported by level (associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctor's), as well as by length of program for some. Both are reported by race/ethnicity and gender of recipient, and the field of study, using the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) code. Institutions report all degrees and other awards conferred during an entire reporting period, from July 1 of one calendar year through June 30 of the following year. Completions data by race/ethnicity at the 2-digit CIP level became an annual collection in 1990; since the 1995 collection, race/ethnicity is collected at the 6-digit CIP level. In 2001, IPEDS began collecting completers of double majors by level, 6-digit CIP code, and by race/ethnicity and gender of recipient.
CreditRecognition of attendance or performance in an instructional activity (course or program) that can be applied by a recipient toward the requirements for a postsecondary degree, diploma, certificate, or other recognized postsecondary credential, irrespective of the activity's unit of measurement.
Credit hourA unit of measure representing the equivalent of an hour (50 minutes) of instruction per week over the entire term. It is applied toward the total number of credit hours needed for completing the requirements of a degree,  diploma,  certificate,  or other recognized postsecondary credential.
Credit hour activityThe provision of coursework to students which can be measured in terms of credit hours.
DegreeAn award conferred by a college, university, or other postsecondary education institution as official recognition for the successful completion of a program of studies.
Degree/certificate-seeking students (DCGS)Students enrolled in courses for credit who are seeking a degree, certificate, or other recognized postsecondary credential. This includes students who: received any type of federal financial aid, regardless of what courses they took at any time; received any state or locally based financial aid with an eligibility requirement that the student be enrolled in a degree, certificate, or transfer-seeking program; or obtained a student visa to study at a U.S. postsecondary institution High school students also enrolled in postsecondary courses for credit are not considered degree/certificate-seeking.
Distance educationEducation that uses one or more technologies to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor synchronously or asynchronously. Technologies used for instruction may include the following: Internet; one-way and two-way transmissions through open broadcasts, closed circuit, cable, microwave, broadband lines, fiber optics, satellite or wireless communication devices; audio conferencing; and video cassette, DVDs, and CD-ROMs, if the cassette, DVDs, and CD-ROMs are used in a course in conjunction with the technologies listed above. 
Distance education courseA course in which the instructional content is delivered exclusively via distance education.  Requirements for coming to campus for orientation, testing, or academic support services do not exclude a course from being classified as distance education.
Distance education programA program for which all the required coursework for program completion is able to be completed via distance education courses.
Doctor's degreeThe highest award a student can earn for graduate study. The doctor's degree classification includes such degrees as Doctor of Education, Doctor of Juridical Science, Doctor of Public Health, and the Doctor of Philosophy degree in any field such as agronomy, food technology, education, engineering, public administration, ophthalmology, or radiology.
Dual enrollmentRefers to students who enroll in college courses offered by an institution of higher education while enrolled in high school or seeking a recognized equivalent. Student performance is recorded on a college transcript and postsecondary credit is awarded for a passing grade in the course. Includes: All postsecondary courses, independent of course delivery mode, course location, course instructor, whether secondary credit is also offered, and whether the student enrolls through a formal state/local program or enrolls outside a formal state/local program. Excludes: Credit-by-exam models such as Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate in which the student is not enrolled in a postsecondary institution.
Entering students (undergraduate)Students at the undergraduate level, both full-time and part-time, enrolled at the institution for the first time during the IPEDS enrollment reporting period (e.g., fall term or preceding summer session for Fall Enrollment survey component). This includes all degree/certificate-seeking first-time students, degree/certificate-seeking transfer-in students, and non-degree/non-certificate-seeking students new to the institution (not including high school students).
ExclusionsThose students who may be removed (deleted) from a cohort (or subcohort). For the Graduation Rates, Outcome Measures, and Fall Enrollment retention rate reporting, students may be removed from a cohort if they left the institution for one of the following reasons: death or total and permanent disability; service in the armed forces (including those called to active duty); service with a foreign aid service of the federal government, such as the Peace Corps; or service on official church missions.
FacultyPersons identified by the institution as such and typically those whose initial assignments are made for the purpose of conducting instruction, research or public service as a principal activity (or activities). They may hold academic rank titles of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, instructor, lecturer or the equivalent of any of those academic ranks. Faculty may also include the chancellor/president, provost, vice provosts, deans, directors or the equivalent, as well as associate deans, assistant deans and executive officers of academic departments (chairpersons, heads or the equivalent) if their principal activity is instruction combined with research and/or public service. The designation as 'faculty' is separate from the activities to which they may be currently assigned. For example, a newly appointed president of an institution may also be appointed as a faculty member. Graduate, instruction, and research assistants are not included in this category.
Faculty StatusA status designated by the institution according to the institution's policies. 'Faculty' may include staff with academic appointments (instruction, research, public service) and other staff members who are appointed as faculty members. The designation 'faculty' is separate from the activities to which the staff members are currently assigned. For example, a president, provost, or librarian may also be appointed as a faculty member. For IPEDS reporting, graduate assistants do not have faculty status.
Fall cohortThe group of students entering in the fall term established for tracking purposes. For the Graduation Rates component, this includes all students who enter an institution as full-time, first-time degree or certificate-seeking undergraduate students during the fall term of a given year. 
Fall Enrollment (EF)This annual component of IPEDS  collects data on the number of students enrolled in the fall at postsecondary institutions.  Students reported are those enrolled in courses creditable toward a degree or other recognized postsecondary credential; students enrolled in courses that are part of a vocational or occupational program, including those enrolled in off-campus or extension centers; and high school students taking college courses for credit.  Institutions report annually the number of full- and part-time students, by gender, race/ethnicity, and level  (undergraduate and graduate, including doctor's and professional practice students); the total number of full- and part-time undergraduate degree/certificate-seeking students (first-time entering, transfer-ins, and continuing/returning) and full- and part-time undergraduate non-degree/non-certificate students); and retention rates. In even-numbered years, data are collected for state of residence of first-time students and for the number of those students who graduated from high school or received high school equivalent certificates in the past 12 months. Also in even-numbered years, 4-year institutions are required to provide enrollment data by gender, race/ethnicity, and level for selected fields of study. In odd-numbered years, data are collected for enrollment by age category by student level and gender.
Financial aidFederal Work Study, grants, loans to students (government and/or private), assistantships, scholarships, fellowships, tuition waivers, tuition discounts, employer aid (tuition reimbursement) and other monies (other than from relatives/friends) provided to students to meet expenses. This excludes loans to parents.
First-time student (undergraduate)A student who has no prior postsecondary experience (except as noted below) attending any institution for the first time at the undergraduate level. This includes students enrolled in academic or occupational programs. It also includes students enrolled in the fall term who attended college for the first time in the prior summer session, and students who entered with advanced standing (college credits or recognized postsecondary credential earned before graduation from high school).
Four-year institutionA postsecondary institution that offers programs  of at least 4 years duration or one that offers programs at or above the baccalaureate level. Includes schools that offer postbaccalaureate certificates  only or those that offer graduate programs only. Also includes free-standing medical, law or other first-professional schools.
FreshmanA first-year undergraduate student.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) of staffThe full-time-equivalent (FTE) of staff is calculated by summing the total number of full-time staff from the Employees by Assigned Position (EAP) component and adding one-third of the total number of part-time staff.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) of studentsThe full-time equivalent (FTE) of students is a single value providing a meaningful combination of full-time and part-time students.  IPEDS data products currently have two calculations of FTE students, one using fall student headcounts and the other using 12-month instructional activity.
Graduate studentA student who holds a bachelor's degree or above and is taking courses at the postbaccalaureate level. These students may or may not be enrolled in graduate programs.
Graduation Rates (GR)This annual component of IPEDS was added in 1997 to help institutions satisfy the requirements of the Student Right-to-Know legislation. Data are collected on the number of students entering the institution as full-time, first-time, degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students in a particular year (cohort), by race/ethnicity and gender; the number completing their program within 150 percent of normal time to completion; the number that transfer to other institutions if transfer is part of the institution's mission. Prior to 2007, institutions who offered athletically-related student aid were asked to report, by sport, the number of students receiving aid and whether they completed within 150 percent of normal time to completion. Now, these institutions only need to report a URL where the athletic data is located on their website, when available. GR automatically generates worksheets that calculate rates, including average rates over 4 years.
Hispanic (old definition)A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
Hispanic/LatinoA person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
Housing capacityThe maximum number of students for which an institution can provide residential facilities, whether on or off campus.
In-district studentA student who is a legal resident of the locality in which he/she attends school and thus is entitled to reduced tuition charges if offered by the institution.
In-district tuitionThe tuition charged by the institution to those students residing in the locality in which they attend school. This may be a lower rate than in-state tuition if offered by the institution.
In-state studentA student who is a legal resident of the state in which he/she attends school.
In-state tuitionThe tuition charged by institutions to those students who meet the state's or institution's residency requirements.
Initial cohortA specific group of individuals established for tracking purposes. For the Graduation Rates (GR) and Outcome Measures (OM) components of IPEDS, the initial cohort is defined as the enrollment count before removing revisions and exclusions of all degree/certificate-seeking students who enter in either (1) the fall term of a given academic year, or (2) between September 1st and August 31st of the following year. For the GR component of IPEDS, the initial cohort is only for full-time, first-time students. For OM, all undergraduates are placed in one of four initial cohorts: full-time, first-time; part-time, first-time; full-time, non-first-time; and part-time, non-first time.
InstructionA functional expense category that includes expenses of the colleges, schools, departments, and other instructional divisions of the institution and expenses for departmental research and public service that are not separately budgeted. Includes general academic instruction, occupational and vocational instruction, community education, preparatory and adult basic education, and regular, special, and extension sessions. Also includes expenses for both credit and noncredit activities. Excludes expenses for academic administration where the primary function is administration (e.g., academic deans). Information technology expenses related to instructional activities if the institution separately budgets and expenses information technology resources are included (otherwise these expenses are included in academic support). Institutions include actual or allocated costs for operation and maintenance of plant, interest, and depreciation.
Instructional StaffAn occupational category that is comprised of staff who are either: 1) Primarily Instruction or 2) Instruction combined with research and/or public service.  The intent of the Instructional Staff category is to include all individuals whose primary occupation includes instruction at the institution.
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), conducted by the NCES, began in 1986 and involves annual institution-level data collections. All postsecondary institutions that have a Program Participation Agreement with the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE), U.S. Department of Education (throughout IPEDS referred to as 'Title IV') are required to report data using a web-based data collection system. IPEDS currently consists of the following components: Institutional Characteristics (IC); 12-month Enrollment (E12);Completions (C); Admissions (ADM); Student Financial Aid (SFA); Human Resources (HR) composed of Employees by Assigned Position, Fall Staff, and Salaries; Fall Enrollment (EF); Graduation Rates (GR); Outcome Measures (OM); Finance (F); and Academic Libraries (AL).
KeyholderThe person designated by an official institutional representative to have in their possession the necessary UserID and password to gain access to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System  (IPEDS) data collection system to complete the survey. The keyholder is responsible for entering data and locking the site by each survey completion date.
Level (of institution)A classification of whether an institution's programs  are 4-year or higher (4 year), 2-but-less-than 4-year (2 year), or less than 2-year.
Library collectionsComprise of documents held locally and remote resources for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. Access rights may be acquired by the library itself, by a consortium and/or through external funding. Acquisition is to be understood as securing access rights and including it in the library catalog, other library databases or discovery systems.
Master's degreeAn award that requires the successful completion of a program of study of at least the full-time equivalent of 1 but not more than 2 academic years  of work beyond the bachelor's degree. Some of these degrees, such as those in Theology (M.Div., M.H.L./Rav) that were formerly classified as  'first-professional', may require more than two full-time equivalent academic years of work.
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific IslanderA person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
Non-degree-seeking studentA student enrolled in courses for credit who is not recognized by the institution as seeking a degree or recognized postsecondary credential.
Non-first-time student (undergraduate)A student who has previously enrolled at a postsecondary institution (not as a high school student) before enrolling at the IPEDS reporting institution as a degree/certificate-seeking student. Non-first-time cohort includes entering transfer-in students from Fall Enrollment (EF) and 12-month Enrollment (E12) components and also includes students who entered the institution as non-degree/non-certificate-seeking (not as a high school student) but became degree/certificate-seeking during the Outcome Measures (OM) cohort reporting period.
Noncredit courseA course or activity having no credit applicable toward a degree,  diploma,  certificate,  or other recognized postsecondary credential.
OPE IDIdentification number used by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE) to identify schools that have Program Participation Agreements (PPA) so that its students are eligible to participate in Federal Student Financial Assistance programs under Title IV regulations. This is a 6-digit number followed by a 2-digit suffix used to identify branches, additional locations, and other entities that are part of the eligible institution.
Other degree/certificate-seeking (DGCS) subcohortA subset of students belonging to a GR cohort who were seeking a degree or certificate other than bachelor's degree upon entry.
Out-of-state studentA student who is not a legal resident of the state in which he/she attends school.
Out-of-state tuitionThe tuition charged by institutions to those students who do not meet the institution's or state's residency requirements.
Parent institutionAn institution that reports some or all data for another institution, known as the child institution.
Part-time staff (employees)As determined by the institution. The type of appointment at the snapshot date determines whether an employee is full-time or part-time. The employee's term of contract is not considered in making the determination of full- or part-time. Casual employees (hired on an ad-hoc basis or occasional basis to meet short-term needs) and students in the College Work-Study Program (CWS) are not considered part-time staff.
Part-time studentUndergraduate: A student enrolled for either less than 12 semester or quarter credits, or less than 24 clock hours a week each term. Graduate: A student enrolled for less than 9 semester or quarter credits.
Pell Grant program(Higher Education Act of 1965, Title IV, Part A, Subpart I, as amended.) Provides grant assistance to eligible undergraduate postsecondary students with demonstrated financial need to help meet education expenses.
Perkins Loan program(Higher Education Act of 1965, Title IV, Part E, as amended, Public Laws 89-329, 92-318, et al; 20 USC 1087aa-1087hh.). Formerly known as National Direct Student Loans (NDSL), the Perkins Loan program provides low interest loans to eligible postsecondary students (undergraduate, graduate, or professional students) with demonstrated financial need to help meet educational expenses.
Post-master's certificateAn award that requires completion of an organized program beyond the master's degree, but does not meet the requirements of academic degrees at the doctor's level.
Postbaccalaureate certificateAn award that requires completion of an organized program of study beyond the bachelor's.  It is designed for persons who have completed a baccalaureate degree, but does not meet the requirements of a master's degree. NOTE: Even though Teacher Preparation certificate programs may require a bachelor's degree for admission, they are considered subbacalaureate undergraduate programs, and students in these programs are undergraduate students.
Private for-profit institutionA private institution in which the individual(s) or agency in control receives compensation other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk.
Private institutionAn educational institution controlled by a private individual(s) or by a nongovernmental agency, usually supported primarily by other than public funds, and operated by other than publicly elected or appointed officials. These institutions may be either for-profit or not-for-profit.
Private not-for-profit institutionA private institution in which the individual(s) or agency in control receives no compensation, other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk. These include both independent not-for-profit schools and those affiliated with a religious organization.
ProgramA combination of courses and related activities organized for the attainment of broad educational objectives as described by the institution.
Program categoryA summary of groups of related instructional programs  designated by the first 2 digits of its appropriate Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) code.
Public institutionAn educational institution whose programs  and activities are operated by publicly elected or appointed school officials and which is supported primarily by public funds.
Race and ethnicity unknownCategories developed in 1997 by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) that are used to describe groups to which individuals belong, identify with, or belong in the eyes of the community. The categories do not denote scientific definitions of anthropological origins. The designations are used to categorize U.S. citizens, residents, and other eligible non-citizens. Individuals are asked to first designate ethnicity as:  Hispanic or Latino or Not Hispanic or Latino. Second, individuals are asked to indicate all races that apply among the following:  American Indian or Alaska Native,  Asian  Black or African American, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander, or  White.
Retention rateA measure of the rate at which students persist in their educational program at an institution, expressed as a percentage. For four-year institutions, this is the percentage of first-time bachelors (or equivalent) degree-seeking undergraduates  from the previous fall who are again enrolled in the current fall. For all other institutions this is the percentage of first-time degree/certificate-seeking students from the previous fall who either re-enrolled or successfully completed their program by the current fall.
SATPreviously known as the Scholastic Aptitude Test, this is an examination administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and used to predict the facility with which an individual will progress in learning college-level academic subjects.
Semester (calendar system)A calendar system that consists of two sessions called semesters during the academic year with about 15 weeks for each semester of instruction. There may be an additional summer session. Note: the standard term length range is defined by the Office of Postsecondary Education. More information can be found at: https://ifap.ed.gov/electronic-announcements/110519RevisionGuidelinesApplicableStandardTerms
Standard termFor Title IV purposes, a standard term is a semester, quarter, or trimester
State of residenceA person's permanent address as determined by such evidence as a driver's license or voter registration. For entering freshmen, state of residence may be the legal state of residence of a parent or guardian.
Stop outA student who left the institution and returned at a later date.
Student countsThe number of individuals for whom instruction is provided in an educational program under the jurisdiction of a school or educational institution.
Student levelA classification of a student whether as an undergraduate student or graduate student.
Student-to-faculty ratioThe ratio of  FTE students to FTE instructional staff, i.e., students divided by staff. Students enrolled in 'stand-alone' graduate or professional programs and instructional staff teaching in these programs are  excluded from both full-time and part-time counts. 'Stand-alone' graduate or professional programs are those programs such as medicine, law, veterinary, dentistry, social work, or public health, in which faculty teach virtually only graduate-level students (also referred to as 'independent' programs). Each FTE value is equal to the number of full-time students/staff  plus 1/3 the number of part-time students/staff.
Study abroadArrangement by which a student completes part of the college program studying in another country. Can be at a campus abroad or through a cooperative agreement with some other U.S. college or an institution of another country.
Teacher certification programA program designed to prepare students to meet the requirements for certification as teachers in elementary, middle/junior high, and secondary schools.
TenureStatus of a personnel position with respect to permanence of the position.
Tenure trackPersonnel positions that lead to consideration for tenure.
Transfer-in studentA degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate student entering the IPEDS reporting institution for the first time but known to have previously enrolled at a different postsecondary institution (not as a high school student). The student may transfer with or without credit. For systems of coordinated institutions (multi-campus system), students are to be identified as transfer-in students upon entering an institution from another institution within the same coordinated system.
Transfer-out studentA student who discontinues enrollment at the IPEDS reporting institution and enrolls at a different postsecondary institution. For systems of coordinated institutions (multi-campus system), students are to be identified as transfer-out students when leaving an institution to enroll into another institution within the same coordinated system.
U.S. NonresidentA person who is not a citizen or national of the United States and who is in this country on a visa or temporary basis and does not have the right to remain indefinitely.
Undergraduate studentA student who is taking courses at the baccalaureate or below the baccalaureate level. These students may or may not be enrolled in undergraduate programs.
UnitIDUnique identification number assigned to postsecondary institutions surveyed through the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System  (IPEDS). Also referred to as UNITID or IPEDS ID.
WhiteA person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
White, non-Hispanic (old definition)A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East (except those of Hispanic origin).